John J Bauer, MD, FACS John J. Bauer, M.D.
www.flinturology.com

Urology Services, Inc.
G-1121 West Hill Rd.
Flint, Michigan 48507
Tel: 810.232.8888
Fax: 810.232.9190
Email: jbauer@flinturology.com
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Percutaneous Laser Endopyelotomy
Surgery Details

Contents
General information
Pre-operative instructions
Risks and Complications
Detailed Surgery Description
Family waiting instructions
Post-operative instructions

Printing tip: If you want to print only one portion of this entire document, you should be able to do this depending on your software. To print a selection, highlight the section you want to print using your mouse, then click on print, and then in the print menu, choose "selection."

Terminology tip: If you come across words you don't understand, look them up in the On-Line Medical Dictionary?.



General Information

This procedure is performed to correct an obstructive narrowing of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), an area of the upper tract collecting system just outside of the kidney. Urine is made in the kidney and then deposited into an upper, middle and lower pole calyx all three of these then merge into the renal pelvis and hilus of the kidney, which then leaves through the ureter to the bladder. The UPJ is the area between the renal pelvis/hilus and the ureter. (See Figure below)

Kidney Anatomy

This area can become narrowed congenitally, traumatically and could be compressed from crossing vessels that attach to the large artery the aorta. Many surgeries could be completed to alleviate this condition, ureteroscopic laser endopyelotomy, Accucise endopyelotomy, percutaneous endopyelotomy and the open pyeloplasty. This operation uses a small dilated tract through the skin, flank and the kidney so that a telescope can be passed and then the UPJ area is incised with either a laser or a hot loop. A special ureteral stent is placed for six weeks and then removed in the office with a cystoscopy, a telescope placed in the bladder through the urethra.

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Pre-Operative Instructions

Your pre-operative appointments

Before your surgery, you will be seen by the physician and the anesthesiologist, and when applicable, there is a pre-admission appointment with the hospital. Click here to read more details about these appointments, referred to as the Pre-Operative Work-Up.

Change In Health Status

Notify your surgeon if you experience any significant change in your health status: develop a cold, influenza, a bladder infection, diarrhea, or other infection, before your surgery.

Pre-Operative Medication Instructions

Unless specifically instructed otherwise by your surgeon or anesthesiologist, please observe the following guidelines for taking your medicines before surgery:

  1. One Week Prior to Surgery:
    - STOP all aspirin and all aspirin-containing medicines (e.g., Anacin, Excedrin, Pepto-Bismol). Check any cold or pain medication bottles to make certain aspirin is not contained. See additional list at Blood Thinners.

  2. Two Days Prior to Surgery:
    - STOP all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., etodolac [Lodine], fenoprofen [Nalfon], ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin, Nuprin], ketorolac [Toradol], maproxen [Aleve], meclofenarnate [Meclomen], mefenamic acid [Ponstel], naproxen [Anaprox, Naprosyn].

  3. Day Before Your Surgery:
    Start the pre-operative Bowel Prep (cleansing procedure) appropriate for this surgery.

    As injury to the bowel is unlikely in this procedure, you will have the simplest form of a bowel preparation, described below.

  4. On the Morning of your Surgery:

Pre-Operative Diet Instructions

Unless specifically instructed otherwise by your surgeon or anesthesiologist, patients of all ages must observe the following diet restrictions before surgery:

  1. Eight hours before the Scheduled Start of your Surgery:
    DO NOT EAT any solid foods, including juices with pulp (e.g., orange juice, nectars), lozenges, candy, chewing gum, and mints. DO NOT DRINK full liquid, such as milk, cream, and jello. You may continue to drink up to eight ounces of clear liquids until SIX hours before the scheduled start of your surgery. Clear liquids include Water, clear juices (e.g., apple, grape), black tea and black coffee.
  2. Six hours before the Scheduled Start of your Surgery:
    DO NOT TAKE anything by mouth except for your usual medicines; follow the Preoperative medication instructions above.
  3. Exceptions:
    DO NOT TAKE anything by mouth for eight hours, except for your usual medicines, if you are pregnant, morbidly obese, or are diagnosed with diabetes, renal failure, or stomach acid reflux with heartburn.

Patients undergoing operative or diagnostic procedures involving sedation are required to refrain from eating, drinking or taking anything by mouth for a stated period prior to their surgery or procedure. The reason for this is to prevent complications caused by nausea or vomiting while you are unconscious. Should you vomit while in the unconscious state, the risk exists that the vomit may enter into your lungs causing serious complications such as pneumonia. These complications may result in an extension of your hospitalization following your surgical procedure. It is for this reason patients are often instructed to have nothing by mouth after midnight the night prior to your operation unless otherwise instructed by an anesthetist.

Pre-Operative Cleaning Instructions (bathing and showering instructions)

Pre-operative showers are to be taken the night before and the morning of surgery just prior to your arrival. All adults are required to take a shower using either a Betadine or Hibiclens Surgical Scrub antibacterial soap. The reason is to remove as much bacteria from your skin as possible prior to your surgery. If you are allergic to these products please notify your physician or nurse. Perform your shower as follows:

  1. Generously lather your body, scrub well, and rinse. Give particular attention to the area were the incision will be made for your procedure.
  2. Following the morning shower, do not apply creams, body oils, lotions, perfumes, deodorants, makeup, lipstick, nail polish or any other cosmetic product to the skin or nails.
  3. Do not use Hibiclens on your face. You may use any other antibacterial soap for the face.
  4. Children under 5 years of age are to be given a bath using an over the counter antibacterial soap.

On The Day Of Surgery

The anesthesiologist will discuss with you the anesthetic most appropriate for your medical condition and procedure prior to surgery.

After your surgery you must be escorted/driven home by a responsible adult. You may take a taxi car or shuttle if accompanied by a responsible adult who can stay with you after the driver departs.

Time To Arrive For Your Surgery

During your Pre-Admission Interview, our Registered Nurse will provide you with the correct time to arrive for check-in prior to your surgery.

ARRIVAL TIME:
WHERE TO ARRIVE:

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Risks and Complications

The risks and complications for this surgery are described in the "Counseling and Pre-Op Note" that you will need to sign before the surgery. The main content of that note is listed below.


Indications:

Patient is a male/female with documented ureteropelvic junction obstruction on lasix renal scan.

Alternatives:

Options include Accucise endopyelotomy, ureteroscopic direct vision endopyelotomy, percutaneous direct vision endopyelotomy, open pyeloplasty, lower pole urterocalycostomy and chronic ureteral stent with period exchange via cystoscopy.

Risks/Complications:

The risks and complications of the procedure where extensively discussed with the patient. The general risks of this procedure include, but are not limited to bleeding, transfusion, infection, wound infection/dehiscence, pain, scaring of tissues, failure of the procedure, potential injury to other surrounding structures, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, death or a long-term stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Additionally, mentioned were the possible serious complications of the anesthesia to include cracked teeth, airway damage, aspiration, pneumonia, spinal head-ache, nerve damage, spinal canal bleeding and malignant hyperthermia. Your anesthesiologist will discuss the risks and complications in more depth separately. Additional procedures may be necessary.

The specific risks of this procedure include, but are not limited to: failure of the procedure, obstruction, stone formation, pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis, persistent flank pain, injury to vascular structures, gonadal artery damage with possible atrophy or loss of ovary or testicle, prolonged urteral stent placement and possible percutaneous renal drainage, tract bleeding, renal hematoma, bowel injury that may require open surgery and fecal stream diversion with external appliance for 3 months then re-connection of the bowel segments, pneumothorax, and damage to lung with possible chest tube placement.

You understand the procedure, general and specific risks as discussed and agree to proceed with the procedure. You also understand that not every possible complication can be listed in this counseling note and additional risks are possible, although unlikely.


To view the actual printable form for this surgery, click here: Counseling Note for Percutaneous Laser Endopyelotomy. To print the document, simply select print after you have opened the page. You can use that copy to sign before your surgery.

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Detailed Surgery Description

Terminology tip: If you come across words you don't understand, look them up in the On-Line Medical Dictionary?.


Indications: Patient with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Sample Procedure Dictation:

The patient was given general anesthesia, placed in the prone position and then prepped and draped in the usual standard sterile manner. A 16 Fr Foley catheter was placed in the bladder prior to starting the case. A 0.038 guide wire was passed through the previously placed nephrostomy tube. The nephrostomy tube was then removed over the wire. Sequential dilation of the tract was accomplished to accommodate an introducer sheath of 10 French size. A second safety wire was passed into the renal pelvis and into the ureter. This was then secured for emergency use. Over the wire, sequential dilation was performed to accept a fascial dilator balloon. This was inflated with contrast to 18 atmospheres of pressure under fluoroscopy. The inflation time was 5-10 minutes and a 30 French sheath was passed over the balloon into the inter-renal calyx. The balloon was deflated and removed. The nephroscope was then introduced and all clots were irrigated and removed with forceps. An inspection of the collecting system identified the UPJ and no other lesions. An end-fire Holmium laser fiber was passed and the entire UPJ area was completely incised along the lateral border until peri-pelvic fat could be seen. No obvious bleeding was encountered. Contrast injection was performed to document UPJ extravasation into the peri-pelvic space. An 8 French ureteral stent was passed over a wire to bridge the defect. A 24 Fr nephrostomy tube was placed over the wire and balloon inflated. The wires were removed and the nephrostomy tube was secured to the skin with 2-0 nylon suture. The wound was cleaned and bandaged. Patient was then awaken from anesthesia without complications and transferred to the Recovery Room (RR). The patient arrived to the RR in stable condition and without complications.

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Family Waiting Instructions

To the family and friends of patients undergoing surgery.

SCHEDULED STARTING TIME OF SURGERY:

ESTIMATED LENGTH OF SURGERY:

You should plan to check in at the waiting area information desk as soon as your family member or friend has left for the Operating Room. This is the only way we can talk to you afterwards, or on occasion; reach you to give you updates on the operation's progress. If the surgery is scheduled for many hours, you can leave to eat or do other things, but you should let the information desk know that you are going to leave the area, where you are going, and how long you might be gone so that we might reach you if need be. You should be in the area before the elected time of the end of the operation.

The information deck will overhead page you or the "family of" when they receive the recovery call to let you know that the surgery has been completed. The overhead page system works ONLY on the Surgical Waiting Area and not throughout the hospital or the cafeteria.

We will plan to see you in the surgical waiting area after we have safely completed the early phases of the post-anesthesia recovery in the "Recovery Room" or PAR (Post Anesthesia Recovery). This may take up to an hour after the initial call. Sometimes, especially if another case is ready to start, we will call and talk to you. If for some reason, we have not come or called within 30 minutes, please ask the information desk to page us.

Your family member will be in the Recovery Room for 1-2 hours. This is standard recovery time, although the times vary with each individual. For example, spinal anesthetics take longer to "wear off," local anesthetics are much shorter acting. Under no circumstances are family members or friends allowed in the recovery room. The information deck will inform you of the patient's return to the room as soon as they receive the information that the patient has left recovery. At that time, they will give you the room number and direct you to the correct wing and floor.

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Post-Operative Instructions

General Instructions

  1. Rest today.
  2. Resume your regular diet. Some nausea after anesthesia is common.
  3. Drink plenty of fluids . We recommend 24-32 oz. over your usual intake daily. Avoid tea, coffee (including decaf), carbonated products and alcoholic drinks.
  4. You may experience some pain and burning when you urinate. There may be blood in your urine. This will get better over 1-3 days.
  5. No sexual activity for 1 week unless instructed otherwise by your doctor.
  6. Please call the urology office today to schedule your follow-up appointment.
  7. Please start the medications prescribed by your doctor today. Please complete the entire prescription and do not share medications with others. If there is a problem taking or getting the medication, call us.
  8. If a ureteral stent was placed, you may experience frequent urination, blood in the urine and occasional discomfort. This may continue until the stent is removed.

Special Instructions for Endoscopic Procedures

  1. This may cause a burning sensation with urinating for 2-3 days.
  2. You may pass blood in your urine over the next 3-5 days, progressively getting better.
  3. You may have some bladder irritability, urgency, frequency and or incontinence. With most of the transurethral procedures, you will be discharged with Detrol to relax your bladder.

Circumcisions, Penile or Scrotal Surgeries

  1. If you had a circumcision, remove Vaseline gauze dressing on the morning after surgery. You may need to soak in a warm (not hot) tub prior to removal. Apply Bacitracin or similar ointment to the wound three times a day.
  2. All other dressing should be removed the second day after surgery unless otherwise directed. You may take showers daily once dressing is removed. No tub baths for 1 week unless otherwise directed.
  3. Wear scrotal support with a jock strap or snug briefs for two weeks if you have had any testicular/scrotal surgery.
  4. No sexual activity until you have seen the doctor.
  5. Apply an ice pack to your groin for 24 hours.

Special Instructions for Patients with Catheters

  1. If you have a catheter in place, wash around it gently with soap and water. Keep the catheter taped to your thigh or abdomen to avoid inadvertent jerking or pulling. Do not disconnect the catheter from the drainage bag unless directed by your doctor.
  2. Some blood might be seen in the bag. This is normal. If the urine is very bloody, and the bag does not appear to be draining well, call our office.

Contacting Your Physician

Dr. Bauer can be contacted by calling the number at the top of this page. You may also call the hospital to have them contact us. Please do not hesitate to call with any questions or concerns.

Frequently Asked Questions after surgery

This section is under construction.

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